铁/镍/炭三元内电解法降解活性艳红X-3B的研究

在传统铁炭二元内电解的基础上,研究了不同条件下投加第三种接触材料镍构成的铁/镍/炭三元内电解体系对活性艳红X-3B染料废水的处理速率和降解效果的影响。实验表明,在ZVI、镍粉和活性炭的质量比为1∶1∶1,X-3B染料废水初始浓度50 mg/L,初始p H值为4,温度20℃的恒温搅拌条件下,三元内电解体系对废水的降解效果要优于二元内电解体系。     

土壤脲酶和脱氢酶对活性X-3B红污染暴露的耐受性及机理研究

采用微宇宙实验方法,研究了棕壤、褐土、红壤等3种我国典型土壤中脲酶和脱氢酶对染料活性X-3B红污染的耐受性及其机理.实验结果表明,3种土壤中的脲酶和脱氢酶活性在试验较低浓度的活性X-3B红污染的环境中均被促进,但被促进的程度有所差异,具体表现为棕壤脲酶活性被促进的效果最为明显,其次红壤,褐土最弱;较低浓度的活性X-3B红污染对褐土脱氢酶活性的促进作用最强,其次红壤,棕壤最弱.3种土壤的脲酶和脱氢酶活性被促进的效果随着时间的推移逐渐减弱.3种土壤的脲酶和脱氢酶活性对高浓度的活性X-3B红污染并没有显示受抑制的趋势.相反,二者基本维持在未受染料活性X-3B红污染的对照土壤的活性水平.因此可以初步认为,土壤脲酶和脱氢酶对染料活性X-3B红的污染暴露毒性有耐受作用.基于实验结果,还就2种酶对活性X-3B红污染暴露的耐受机理进行了分析与探讨.     

Brilliant red X-3B uptake by a novel polycyclodextrin-modified magnetic cationic hydrogel: Performance, kinetics and mechanism

A novel polycyclodextrin-modified magnetic cationic hydrogel (PCD-MCH) was developed and its performance, kinetics and mechanism for the removal of reactive brilliant red X-3B (X-3B) were studied. The results showed that the zeta-potential of PCD-MCH was 32.8 to 16.7 mV at pH 3.0–10.5. The maximum X-3B adsorption capacity of PCD-MCH was 2792.3 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics could be well-described by the Weber–Morris model and the homogeneous surface diffusion model (HSDM). Diffusion stages corresponding to surface or film diffusion, intra-particle or wide mesopore diffusion, and narrow mesopore/micropore diffusion occurred at 0–120, 120–480 and 480–1200 min, respectively. The latter two diffusion stages were rate-controlling for X-3B adsorption kinetics. At the initial X-3B concentration of 600 mg/L, the diffusion coefficient (D_s) and external mass transfer coefficient in the liquid phase (k_F) were 3 × 10^?11 cm²/min and 4.68 × 10^?6 cm/min, respectively. X-3B approaching the center of PCD-MCH particles could be observed at 360 min. At the end of the third diffusion stage, the C_p at q/q_e = 0 was 45.20 mg/L, which was close to the homogeneous C_p value of 46 mg/L along the radius of PCD-MCH particles. At pH 3.0–10.0, PCD-MCH showed stable X-3B adsorption capacities. After five regeneration-reuse cycles, the residual adsorption capacity of regenerated PCD-MCH was higher than 892.7 mg/g. The corresponding adsorption mechanism was identified as involving electrostatic interactions, cyclodextrin cavities and hydrogen bonds, of which cyclodextrin cavities showed prominent capture performance towards dye molecules through the formation of inclusion complexes.     

S-100 protein in amniotic fluid of anencephalic fetuses

S-100 protein, which is found essentially in the astrocytes of the nervous system, was assayed in amniotic fluids by Particle Counting Immuno Assay. It was present in 19 cases of anencephaly out of 26, in 1 case of open spina bifida out of 5 and in each of the 4 cases of fetal death, whereas it was not detected in the 48 control amniotic fluids collected between the 16th and the 35th week of gestation. Thirty-one amniotic fluids from fetuses with other congenital malformations were devoid of detectable S-100. The presence of S-100 in amniotic fluid of anencephalic fetuses can presumably be considered as a biological sign of necrosis of the exencephalic brain and seems specific to damage of the central nervous system accompanied by neural tube defect.     

全国死亡百人以上事故统计分析

本文统计了1990～2005年我国死亡百人以上的事故。此类事故共计25起，总死亡人数4340人。此外，进一步分析了这些事故的类型、所属行业和发生时间等，找出了事故发生的规律。最后，对死亡百人以上事故的预防提出了对策建议。     

活性艳红X-3B染料清洁生产工艺研究

提出了活性艳红X -3B染料生产中盐析滤液减压蒸发回收工业盐循环利用的清洁生产工艺 ,并通过试验 ,得出盐析滤液温度 80℃、真空度 0 .0 8MPa、冷凝器出水温度 40℃为最佳操作条件组合     

过渡金属离子调变对光催化氧化反应的影响

考察过渡金属离子对TiO₂光催化活性的影响,并对过渡金属离子对催化剂TiO₂的光催化调变作用机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明,加入Cu(Ⅱ)可以大大提高TiO₂的光催化活性,反应75 min,可使活性艳蓝X-BR的COD_Cr的去除率达75%以上,对于活性艳红X-3B和活性艳黄X-6G的COD_Cr的去除率达到90%以上。过渡金属离子的调变作用是由于低价的金属离子与H₂O₂作用生成*OH自由基所致。      

二氧化钛对活性艳红X-3B的光催化降解研究

以TiO2作为光催化剂,研究了TiO2对活性艳红X-3B的光催化氧化降解行为。结果表明,以锐钛矿为主的混晶型Ti02的催化活性最好;X-3B的光催化降解动力学符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模式,并求出其动力学参数女(表观反应速率常数)为0．5921,KA(吸附平衡常数)为0．1725;温度对X-3B的降解影响很小,其活化能仅为6．04kJ／mol;溶液中盐度的增加会不断降低TiO2对X-3B的光催化降解速率。     

磁性氧化石墨电催化活性及净化印染废水效能

采用高铁酸钾作为铁前驱体和氧化剂氧化石墨矿物,原位合成磁性氧化石墨(MGO)催化剂.磁性氧化石墨与碳黑(CB)混合在碳纤维布基底上制备阴极(MGO/CB),将溶解氧还原生成活性氧(ROS)氧化处理含活性红X-3B染料的模拟废水,并采用扫描电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪、X-射线光电子能谱、电化学手段表征磁性氧化石墨催化剂的形貌结构及电化学催化活性.结果表明,片层状MGO表面锚定着不同晶体结构的纳米氧化铁粒子,活性成分存在协同催化作用;煅烧温度对氧化铁晶相及催化活性有一定影响,煅烧温度为300 ℃时制备的MGO阴极电化学降解活性红X-3B效果最佳,在阴极直接还原作用和¹O₂、^·O₂^-等自由基作用下,4h脱色率达到100%,COD_cr去除率达到77.1%;磁性氧化石墨性能稳定,至少可重复使用9次.